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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a critical parameter used to measure the pollution levels in water bodies. It is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present in water over a specified period, usually five days, at a specific temperature. The measurement of BOD is an essential aspect of water quality monitoring and is widely used by environmental scientists and engineers to assess the water's health. Principle of BOD: - The principle of BOD is based on the concept of microbial respiration, where microorganisms present in the water body utilize organic matter as an energy source and consume oxygen in the process. The BOD test measures the amount of oxygen consumed by these microorganisms to break down the organic matter present in the water body. The oxygen demand is measured as the difference in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels between the initial and final stages of the testing period. The test involves taking a sample of water from the wa