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Water bound macadam road layers or foundation: - Water bound macadam road foundation, also known as WBM, is a type of road construction technique that involves a mix of stone aggregates and fines in different layers to create a strong and durable surface. WBM road layers The foundation of a water bound macadam road is made up of several layers. 1. Sub-grade - The first layer is the sub-grade layer which is the natural soil or aggregate layer before any modification. Function -  The sub-grade layer is the natural or prepared surface on which the pavement is constructed. Its primary function is to provide a stable and even surface for the pavement layers. 2. Sub-base - The second layer is the sub-base layer made up of graded aggregates in varying sizes, thicker in depth and laid to a specific level of compaction. Function -  The sub-base layer, placed above the sub-grade, is primarily designed to improve the structural capacity of the pavement system. It helps in distribu...

WBM Road (Water Bound Macadam Road):- WBM road stands for Water Bound Macadam Road. It is a type of road construction where coarse aggregate is laid in layers and compacted with water. The interlocking of the aggregates provides stability and durability to the road. WBM roads are commonly used in rural areas and low-traffic urban areas. They are cost-effective and require less maintenance as compared to other types of roads. Material Required For WBM Road Construction:- 1. Stones : Stones of different sizes ranging from 90 to 150 mm are used for the construction of WBM roads. These stones should be hard, durable and weather-resistant. 2. Coarse Aggregates : Coarse aggregates including crushed stones, gravel, and various types of rock are needed for the base layer of WBM roads. They provide strength, stability, and resistance against erosion and traffic loads. The properties of coarse aggregate for water bound macadam road include: i. Strength : The aggregate should have sufficient stre...